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Hasan of Basra
Al-Hasan ibn Abi-l-Hasan al-Basri ((アラビア語:الحسن بن أبي الحسن البصري)) <r;(642–728), also known as Hasan al-Basri (), was a well-known Muslim preacher, theologian, and scholar of Islam who was born in 642 from Persian〔Michael G. Morony, ''Iraq After the Muslim Conquest'', Gorgias Press LLC, 2006. Excerpt from pg 189: "the parents of Al-Hasan Al-Basri were lower-class Persians and came from this part of Iraq (Baladhuri, Futuh,344).〕〔Christopher Melchert, ("ḤASANBAṢRI, ABU SAʿID B. ABI’L-ḤASAN YASĀR" ), in ''Encyclopædia Iranica''. Accessed April 2010.〕 parents. Brought up in the house of the prophet Muhammad's wife Umm Salama, Hasan met many companions of Muhammad including, it is said, seventy of the warriors who fought in the Battle of Badr. As can be seen in the spiritual chains (silsilah) of most Sufi orders, he was a renowned follower of Ali ibn Abi Talib. Hasan grew up to become one of the most prominent figures of his generation, being famous for his piety and condemnation of worldliness. When he died on Friday, 5 Rajab 110 AH, at the age of 89, the entire population of Basra attended his funeral, so that for the first time in the history of Basra the city's Jami' Masjid remained empty at the hour of the 'Asr prayer. Hasan quickly became an exemplar for other saints in the area and his personality made a deep impression upon his contemporaries. He was the Murshid of Rabia Basri.〔Ritter, 14ff., 33, n. 5〕
==Biography==
Hasan's father, Peroz, was made a prisoner at the town of Maysan in Iraq. He was later brought to Medina, where he met Khayra, who was to be Hasan's mother. According to tradition, Hasan was born in Medina in 642 C.E. He grew up in and around the area but later, after the Battle of Siffin, decided to move to Basra. As a young man, Hasan took part in the conquests and campaigns in eastern Iran, but he became famous after denouncing arrogance and sin to take up life as a pious Muslim in Basra.
Hasan's sermons played an integral part in confirming his status as one of the most notable scholars of the era. In his sermons, Hasan warned his fellow citizens of the dangers of committing sin and commanded them to regulate their whole life in a more pious manner. These sermons, of which only fragments have been preserved, are considered to be among the outstanding examples of early Arabic prose.〔''Encyclopedia of Islam'', Vol. III, ''Hasan al-Basri''〕 Some scholars have remarked upon the vivid images that Hasan developed in his sermons and it is because of this that anthologists grouped Hasan's sermons with the speeches of political leaders as models of style and some of his sermons have even found their way into the early Arab dictionaries.
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